This article will present how Systemics and Cybernetics might prove useful for law in advancing a Systemic-Cybernetic Theory of Law (TSCD). With TSCD it will be possible for legal scholars to solve several jurisprudential problems and also elaborate a new and more comprehensive approach to law than the ones currently available. In order to achieve this goal, it will be argued how systemic-cybernetic methodology and epistemology have come into play in the law, and which kind of features are included in (...) the theory, and also it will be added where new answers are offered.The authors hope TSCD to be considered as a paradigm helpful for facing the challenges and crisis that in their practical operation and philosophical and scientific research are being put forward by different systems of law (national, international, transnational, etcetera).Resumen:En el presente texto se presentará al lector cómo la sistémica y la cibernética sirven al derecho para estructurar así una Teoría Sistémico-Cibernética del Derecho (TSCD). Mediante ésta se podrá dar respuesta a diversos interrogantes iusfilosóficos, obteniendo una visión del derecho más completa de las que hasta ahora se nos ha ofrecido. Para lograr tal cometido, se expondrá la manera cómo la metodología y la epistemología sistémica y cibernética irrumpen en el mundo jurídico, para luego enumerar algunas características de una posible TSCD y los problemas a los que esta visión del derecho ofrece algo nuevo.La TSCD constituirá —así lo esperamos— el paradigma que la complejidad de los temas y sistemas del derecho (nacionales, internacionales, trasnacionales, etcétera) requiere para hacer frente a la crisis de su funcionamiento práctico y de su investigación científica y filosófica. (shrink)

Pretendemos abordar pedagogo português Faria de Vasconcelos (1880-1939) no contexto da Escola Nova, norteando-nos por uma pesquisa de metodologia hermenêutica na análise aos seus pressupostos pedagógicos sobre os problemas escolares e, principalmente a sua preocupação pela adolescência e jovens delinquentes, infratores e/ou indisciplinados. Recorremos conceptualmente aos seus textos (fontes primárias) e à sua obra compilada por Ferreira Marques, a fontes secundárias sobre Escola Nova e História da Educação em Portugal da época. O método hermenêutico permitiu-nos compreender os escritos daquele pedagogista, (...) na frágua da temática, quer pelo questionamento, quer pelo alicerçar dessa compreensão sobre (análise) o conteúdo a interpretar. Ou seja, a hermenêutica sendo a palavra, em que a correspondente interpretação vem sempre do texto, converteu-se em mediadora desse processo interpretativo. Os objetivos foram os seguintes: analisar os contributos de Vasconcelos ao estudo científico da criança/infância, em especial no seu desenvolvimento físico e mental, sob a influência da Escola Nova; compreender a sua análise à adolescência e delinquência juvenil, na relação que estabeleceu entre a inteligência (percentagens de deficiências mentais) e tipos de delitos/crimes cometidos. Pretendemos resgatar este pedagogo para a História da Educação em Portugal, divulgando os seus contributos em prole do estudo da criança, da adolescência e jovem delinquente. Palavras-chave: Faria de Vasconcelos; Adolescência; Jovem delinquente; Inteligência; Ideais Escola Nova. The analysis of adolescence and young offenders by the pedagogist Portuguese Faria de Vasconcelos: relationship between intelligence and types of offenders Abstract: Intending to approach pedagogue Portuguese Farai de Vasconcelos (1880-1939) in the context of the New School, we were based on our research for a hermeneutic methodology in the analysis of its pedagogical assumptions, especially about school problems and, especially, its concern for adolescence and young offenders or undisciplined. We use conceptually his texts (primary sources) and his work compiled by Ferreira Marques, to second sources on New School and History of Education in Portugal at the time. The hermeneutic method allowed us to understand the writings about this pedagogist, in the depth of the theme, either by questioning or by the support of understanding about (analysis) the content to be interpreted. That is, hermeneutics being the word, in which the corresponding interpretation always comes from the text, has become a mediator of this interpretative process. The objectives were: to analyse Vasconcelos contributions to the scientific study of children/childhood, especially in physical and mental development, understand their analysis of adolescence and juvenile offenders, in the relationship he established between intelligence (percentages of mental disabilities) and types of crimes/crimes committed. We intend to rescue the thought and work of this pedagogue for the History of Education, disseminating his contributions in favour of the study of children, adolescents, and young offenders. Key-words: Faria de Vasconcelos; Adolescence; Young offender; Intelligence; New School ideas. El análisis de la adolescencia y a los delincuentes juveniles por el pedagogo portugués Faria de Vasconcelos: relación entre la inteligencia y los tipos de delitos Resumen: Pretendemos acercarnos al pensamiento del pedagogo portugués Faria de Vasconcelos (1880-1939) en el contexto de la Escuela Nueva, guiándonos por una investigación de metodología hermenéutica en el análisis a sus supuestos pedagógicos, especialmente sobre los problemas escolares y, especialmente su abordaje a la adolescencia y jóvenes delincuentes y/o indisciplinados. Utilizamos conceptualmente sus textos (fuentes primarias) y el trabajo compilado por Ferreira Marques, además de fuentes secundarias sobre el periodo de la Escuela Nueva e Historia de la Educación en Portugal en la época. El método hermenéutico nos permitió comprender los escritos, en la profundidad del tema, ya sea cuestionando o por el apoyo a la comprensión sobre (análisis) el contenido a interpretar. Es decir, siendo la hermenéutica la palabra, en la que la interpretación correspondiente proviene del texto, se ha convertido en mediadora de este proceso interpretativo. Los objetivos fueron: analizar los aportes de Vasconcelos al estudio científico de los niños, especialmente en el desarrollo físico y mental, bajo la influencia de la Escuela Nueva; comprender su análisis a la adolescencia y los delincuentes juveniles, en la relación de la inteligencia (porcentajes de discapacidad mental) con los tipos de delitos/delitos cometidos. Pretendemos rescatar a este pedagogo para la Historia de la Educación en Portugal, difundiendo sus aportaciones a favor del estudio de los niños, adolescentes y jóvenes infractores. Palabras-Clave: Faria de Vasconcelos; Adolescencia; Joven delincuente; Inteligencia; Ideales de la Escuela Nueva. Data de registro: 10/06/2022 Data de aceite: 17/08/2022. (shrink)

In this hugely influential book, Laclau and Mouffe examine the workings of hegemony and contemporary social struggles, and their significance for democratic theory. With the emergence of new social and political identities, and the frequent attacks on Left theory for its essentialist underpinnings, Hegemony and Socialist Strategy remains as relevant as ever, positing a much-needed antidote against ‘Third Way’ attempts to overcome the antagonism between Left and Right.

The space-time expansion has a new perspective on the universe phenomena. In this article, the key features of the Space-Time Expansion Theory are summarized and discussed, with three postulates incorporating different insights into the behavior of space-time expansion, gravity, space-time curvature, and time itself. Gravity is not an attraction; it is a push. Inertia, free fall, the principles of the theory of relativity and some other phenomena support the author’s assertions. The expansion of space-time is universal, occurs everywhere, and produces (...) gravity instead of counteracting it. Being immersed in the same space-time acceleration, we only perceive the disturbance caused by the matter, which is the massive objects push. This study aims to offer scientists an alternative investigation. “Gravitation is not attraction; it’s a push.” All in accordance with hydrodynamic gravitation and expanding Universe. (shrink)

La _Invención de Humboldt_ es un libro que trastoca la idea del viajero prusiano que se ha ido consolidando desde siglo XIX y que ha dado lugar a una enorme industria mediática, sostenida por una abundante bibliografía e innumerables coloquios especializados en su figura y sus aportaciones al conocimiento sobre la naturaleza americana, que se replican en festivales y museos.

It seems that every culture shares a figure who tricks and transgresses rules even if at the same time he is a Cultural Hero. Based on a classification of some basic characteristics common to all tricksters, and despite the fact that contradiction and ambiguity are fundamental for their identity, this paper deals with trickster’s traces in several Medieval Literature characters as Loki, Renart, Tristan, Merlin, robin Hood, and the anonymous mischievous deceiver of short stories.

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la situación actual y las proyecciones de la comparación forense de la voz en Chile, a la luz de los estándares internacionales que se enfocan en la producción de evidencia confiable, que pueda ser utilizada en los tribunales de justicia. Para ello, en principio, se dan a conocer los fundamentos científicos que caracterizan esta rama de las ciencias forenses y, luego, sobre esa base se analiza y comenta la situación de Chile y (...) sus proyecciones, tanto en la práctica como en la investigación forense. Abstract: The objective of this work is to describe the current situation and the projections of forensic voice comparison in Chile, in the light of international standards that focus on the production of reliable evidence that can be used in the courts of justice. To do this, first, the scientific foundations that characterize this branch of forensic sciences are disclosed and, then, on that basis, the situation in Chile and its projections are analyzed and discussed, both in practice and in the forensic research. (shrink)

In this article, we shift the usual analytical attention of the GPN framework from lead firms to suppliers in the network and from production to IT services. Our focus is on how Indian IT suppliers embed in the Netherlands along the threefold characterization of societal, territorial and network embeddedness. We argue that Indian IT suppliers attempt to display societal embeddedness when they move to The Netherlands. Our findings reveal that the endeavour by Indian IT suppliers to territorially dis-embed from the (...) Dutch context is reinforced by their peripheral position in the network and their ability to offshore work in a bid to contain costs, in addition to the influence of client domination. Therefore, territorial embeddedness is considered to be secondary to societal embeddedness which is intertwined with client interest while neglecting the interest of other network members. Nonetheless, the inter-firm relationship is complex, given the tension between societal, territorial and network embeddedness. While preferring Indian IT suppliers because of their low pricing, Dutch clients also insist on compliance with the institutional context of the Netherlands especially when it comes to Dutch employees. This results in hybridization which means that Indian IT suppliers find ways to adhere to the institutional framework for Dutch nationals while simultaneously insulating Indian employees from the same. Consequently, a highly unfair segmented internal labour market develops, with Dutch nationals being treated more favourably as compared to Indian nationals. Nonetheless, to address these violations, Indian employees prefer individual strategies of resilience and rework rather than a collectivization response. (shrink)

This paper explores space-time with the Minkowski equation, trying to integrate using the three manuscripts presented to the Open Journal of Philosophy (OJPP) a “new theory of gravity” by introducing the concept of space-time flow. Gravity is a push rather than a pull, an idea presented in the first manuscript. Gravity is the inertia, the shape (frame) of space-time produced by dark energy. The space-time surrounding you provides the force that pushes you upwards, but it doesn’t increase the diameter of (...) the Earth. The sensation of gravity is actually caused by the accelerated flow of space-time against you, which acts as a mirror. The Earth’s expansion is apparent; creates the illusion, but Earth does not expand; rather, the space-time flow emanating from the Earth generates gravity. Einstein’s theory of relativity explains that gravity results from the curvature of space-time caused by the presence of mass and the background dark energy. “Dark energy, introduced from all directions,” which exists throughout the universe in space-time, is responsible for the universe’s accelerated expansion. One way to expand space-time is through the concept of cosmic inflation, which suggests that the universe lives a continuous widening of space-time. Free fall and relativity theory support this claim. Dark energy pushes (pressure) space-time inside the atoms, and the space-time, as in a nozzle, produces an accelerated flow which is gravity. Dark energy floods the whole space and produces positive pressure. It is a non-local/ non-analytical energy, an omnipresent that pervades everything. Dark energy is a space-time property; it was first discovered in 1998. The pressure makes space-time emerge from every point of the Universe and push it expansively. Quantum physics suggests that all the energy in the Universe can form a single universal emergent system, which produces time in the present before us in 4D space-time. This is dark energy. The expansion of space-time is universal and occurs everywhere. When this expansion occurs within atoms, it produces a space-time flux, which is gravity. The general expansion produces it and counteracts it. Pushing space-time outside of Earth (Earth does not expand, just looks like it does) is this space-time flux that makes Earth coordinates move upward, to make it feel like falling into Earth. The apparent matter expansion is its complement mirror. Here, we present Gravity as accelerated space-time flow going out from massive objects. (shrink)

The phenomenal properties of conscious mental states happen to be exclusively accessible from the first-person perspective. Consequently, some philosophers consider their existence to be incompatible with materialist metaphysics. In this paper I criticise one particular argument that is based on the idea that for something to be real it must (at least in principle) be accessible from an intersubjective perspective. I argue that the exclusively subjective access to phenomenal contents can be explained by the very particular nature of the epistemological (...) relation holding between a subject and his own mental states. Accordingly, this subjectivity does not compel us to deny the possibility that phenomenal contents are ontologically objective properties. First, I present the general form of the argument that I will discuss. Second, I show that this argument makes use of a criterion of reality that is not applicable to the case of subjective experience. Third, I discuss a plausible objection and give an argument for rejecting observation models of self-knowledge of phenomenal contents. These models fall prey to the homunculus illusion. (shrink)

An omnipresent, non-local/non-analytical energy that pervades everything enters the Universe through all infinitesimal points. Without determining its origin, our approach is to explain our gravity theory based on Einstein’s relativity theory and the behavior of space-time flow. This influx occurs continuously throughout all of space-time, making the universe expand. Our theory presents two kinds of expansion: (PUE) space-time primary universal expansion and the (VME) virtual matter expansion that occurs with the interaction of space-time with the matter. The internal space-time in (...) atoms produces a virtual slight broadening of the matter’s atoms. From our frame of reference, we can only distinguish the perturbation that occurs to the (PUE) primary universal expansion if it encounters matter. This perturbation finally is restored by a Gaussian distribution at the spherical environment. We call it the (STD) Space-time accelerated displacement. It is the inertial-gravity field. Thus, matter expands by the superposition of atoms (molecules). The accelerated expansion increases proportionally to the number of atoms that radially constitute matter. The effect is manifested immensely increased in the surface of the stellar objects. Then the surface of the massive stellar objects pushes and displaces the object’s external surrounding space-time. The acceleration of the (STD) space-time displacement decreases with the radius squared from the center of mass as it is distributed concentrically. The acceleration we feel at the Earth’s surface is permanently fixed, because when space expands, time also proportionally expands. The associated speed (ds/dt) is immersed in the accelerated expansion of space-time; the time base is the same as the acceleration of the PUE (space-time primary universal expansion) (d2s/dt2). Otherwise, in a short time, this acceleration and its associated velocity would reach the speed of light. Our theory introduces a different concept: “repulsion instead of attraction”. The expansion of space-time produces gravity instead of counteracting it. Finally, we explain using this gravity theory: Earth’s oceans, creating tidal bulges on opposite sides of the planet. (shrink)

Increasing global competition has intensified the use of informal sector workforce worldwide. This phenomenon is true with regard to India, where 92% of the workers hold precarious jobs. Our study examines the dynamics of workplace dignity in the context of Indian security guards deployed as contract labour by private suppliers, recognising that security guards’ jobs were marked by easy access, low status, disrespect and precariousness. The experiences of guards serving bank ATMs were compared with those working in large reputed organisations. (...) The former reported loss of dignity though their inherent self-worth remained partially intact, whereas the latter reclaimed dignity despite the precarious working conditions and the absence of unions. Guards from large reputed organisations evolved strategies by which they took advantage of the client’s vulnerabilities, developed ‘thick’ relationships at work and immersed themselves in 'doing dignity work' to ensure that they are not disposable. ‘Doing dignity work’ was a visible device which involved actions that met or went beyond the norms laid down by the client and was used by security guards to limit the extent of their precariousness. Since the opportunity to reclaim dignity was facilitated by large reputed clients’ adherence to legal regulations, we see implications of the study for the moral economy. (shrink)

Resumen: Entre el pensamiento de José Gaos y el de Eduardo Nicol se cierne una diferencia sustancial en torno al concepto de la filosofía. Para el primero, ésta es una suerte de confesión personal; mientras que para Nicol la filosofía debe ser producto de una hazaña dialógica y el conocimiento tiene que ser objetivo.: José Gaos’s and Eduardo Nicol’s concepts of philosophy differ substantially. For the former, philosophy is a sort of personal confession, whereas for the later it must be (...) the outcome of dialogical achievement, and as for knowledge, this has to be objective. (shrink)

By going back to the Italian humanist tradition and aspects of earlier Greek and Latin thought Ernesto Grassi develops a conception of rhetoric as the basis of philosophical thought. In the development of modern philosophy since Descartes and Locke rhetoric has been seen as superfluous to knowledge. Rhetoric has been commonly understood as the speech that plays on the emotions the use of thought and words to persuade, rather than their use as the basis to seek knowledge. How does (...) the mind generate the principles upon which rational thought is based? Rational thinking exploits the logical power of the word, but logic never enlightens us on the nature of its own starting points. Grassi explores the sense in which the first principles of rational thought come from the metaphorical power of the word. He finds the basis for his conception in the last thinker of the Italian humanist tradition, Giambattista Vice, in Vice's understanding of imagination and the sense of human ingenuity contained in the metaphor. Professor Grassi connects rhetoric with the power of language to bring the starting points for thought into being. This power of speech is at the basis of the philosophical and rational search for truth. (shrink)

¿Qué es leer? ¿Qué es escribir? ¿Qué ocurre cuando se lee o cuando se escribe? ¿Qué tipo de relación se entreteje entre el texto y quien lo lee o escribe? ¿Qué tipo de efectos se derivan de allí? El acento de este tipo de preguntas pretende poner el foco de inquietud en el sujeto que lee y escribe. Con este propósito se emplean las nociones foucaultianas de ética, experiencia y cuidado de sí (epimeleia heaotou) para interrogar desde allí tanto el (...) leer como el escribir. Pensar la lectura y la escritura desde la perspectiva metodológica de la producción de sí, deriva en una ética de la palabra y en el ejercicio de la escritura de sí, las cuales permiten, a su vez, aportar ángulos de interpelación, tanto a las prácticas de enseñanza, como a la formación y la investigación. Palabras clave: cuidado de sí, leer, escribir, ética de la palabra, experiencia Ética da palavra. Leitura, escrita e produção de si. Resumo: O que é ler? O que é escrever? O que ocorre quando se lê ou quando se escreve? Que tipo de relação se entretece entre o texto e quem o lê ou o escreve? Que tipos de efeitos são daí derivados? O tom dessas perguntas pretende ressaltar a inquietude no sujeito, o sujeito que lê e o sujeito que escreve. Com tal propósito, empregam-se noções foucaultianas de ética, experiência e cuidado de si (epiméleia heautoû) para interrogar, a partir daí, leitura e escritura, considerando a perspectiva metodológica da produção de si derivada de uma ética da palavra e de um exercício da escritura de si aos quais, por sua vez, permitem suscitar ângulos de interpelação tanto das práticas de ensino quanto da formação e da pesquisa. Palavras-chave: cuidado de si; ler; escrever; ética da palavra; experiência Ethics of the word. Reading, writing and production of the self Abstract: What is reading? What is writing? What happens when reading or writing? What kind of relationship is weave between the text and the one who reads or writes it? What kind of effects derive from it? The accent of this type of questions intends to put the focus of concern on the subject, who reads and writes. To this end, the foucauldian notions of ethics, experience and care of the self (epimeleia heaotou) are used to interrogate reading and writing. Thinking about reading and writing from the methodological perspective of the production of the self, derives in an ethics of the word and in the exercise of the writing of the self, that allow us to contribute angles of interpellation to teaching practices, as well as to the formation and research. Key words: The care of the Self, reading, writing, ethics of theWord, Experience. Data de registro: 22/07/2022 Data de aceite: 13/12/2022. (shrink)

Cet article prétend expliquer l'invisibilité relative du conflit armé colombien par rapport à d'autres situations de crise internationale. Au lieu de présupposer que le problème repose sur une faible médiatisation des événements rapportés à la Colombie, il se penche sur les tentatives de mise en sens des événements effectuées par les journalistes au moment de leur médiatisation. L'argument central est que l'opacité du « problème colombien » sur la scène internationale est surtout liée à la difficulté de parvenir à élaborer (...) un récit capable de rendre intelligible ce qui se passe en Colombie.This article tries to explain the relative invisibility of the Colombian armed conflict in relation to other international crisis situations. Instead assume that the problem lies in a low media coverage of events reported to the British, it focuses on the attempts of making sense of the events conducted by journalists at media coverage. The central argument is that the opacity of the "Colombian problem" on the international scene is mainly due to the difficulty of reaching to develop a story that can make sense of what is happening in Colombia. (shrink)

In various parts of the world—of which Mexico is one example— archaeology has been not only an academic discipline but has followed other motivations and goals, some valid and others more disputable: formation of a nationality, a need to know ancient roots, importance of a distinct art for understanding past societies or simply the promotion of tourism by attracting people to visit recently-excavated monuments or those that are already famous. In this paper, I intend to present the case of Mexico.

The present article considers the implications projected by the main characters of Universal History of Infamy by Jorge Luis Borges. The seven protagonists embody a common pattern in their infamous trajectory: they exploit the tools of power by using discourse, according to the proposition by Michel Foucault, despite their being “on the other side of the law”. Although conditioned by specific historical-cultural circumstances, these heroes-antiheroes share the use of evil and the ascent to a seudo-mythical pedestal subsequently to the summit (...) of their infamy. One of the central ideas of the article is that the tension between evil –abjection– and the ascension to the category of myth –sublimation– originates the discharge of the infamy and configures its universal image. (shrink)

Praise for First Edition: `This book is highly recommended to a wide range of people as a clear and systematic introduction to phenomenological psychology... the book has set the stage for possible new colloquia between the phenomenological and other approaches in psychology' - Changes `As a trainee interested in matters existential, I have been put off in the past by the long-winded and confusing texts usually available in academic libraries. Thankfully, here is a text that remedies that situation... [it] provides (...) a readable and insightful account' - Clinical Psychology Forum 'Spinelli’s classic introduction to phenomenology should be essential reading on all person-centred, existential and humanistic trainings, and any other counselling or psychotherapy course which aims to help students develop an in-depth understanding of human lived-experience. This book is sure to remain a key text for many years to come' - Mick Cooper, Senior Lecturer in Counselling, University of Strathclyde 'This is by far the most monumental, erudite, comprehensive, authoritative case that Existentialism and Phenomenology (a) have a rightful place in the academy; (b) are tough-minded bodies of thought; (c) have rigorous scientific foundations; (d) bequeath a distinctive school of psychotherapy and counselling; and (e) are just as good as the more established systems of psychology' - Alvin R. Mahrer, Ph.D. University of Ottawa, Canada, Author of The Complete Guide To Experiential Psychotherapy 'This book’s rich insight into the lacunae of modern psychological thinking illustrates the contribution that existential phenomenology can make to founding a coherently mature Psychology that is both fully human(e) and responsibly ‘scientific’ in the best sense of that term' - Richard House, Ph.D., Magdalen Medical Practice, Norwich; Steiner Waldorf teacher. The Interpreted World, Second Edition, is a welcome introduction to phenomenological psychology, an area of psychology which has its roots in notoriously difficult philosophical literature. Writing in a highly accessible, jargon-free style, Ernesto Spinelli traces the philosophical origins of phenomenological theory and presents phenomenological perspectives on central topics in psychology - perception, social cognition and the self. He compares the phenomenological approach with other major contemporary psychological approaches, pointing up areas of divergence and convergence with these systems. He also examines implications of phenomenology for the precepts and process of psychotherapy. For the Second Edition, a new chapter on phenomenological research has been added in which the author focuses on the contribution of phenomenology in relation to contemporary scientific enquiry. He describes the methodology used in phenomenological research and illustrates the approach through an actual research study. The Interpreted World, Second Edition demystifies an exciting branch of psychology, making its insights available to all students of psychology, psychotherapy and counselling. (shrink)

Une entité est phénoménalement consciente si et seulement s’il existe quelque chose comme l’effet-que-ça-fait d’être cette entité. À partir de cette définition, aucun test empirique ne peut être fourni pour établir si une entité S est consciente ou pas. S peut croire qu’elle est consciente parce qu’en effet elle l’est, mais pour qu’un sujet W puisse attribuer la conscience à S, une théorie est nécessaire. Cette théorie doit fournir des critères intersubjectifs, basés sur l’observation du comportement, les propriétés physiques ou (...) quelque chose de cette sorte. En bref : (C) Pour qu’un sujet S puisse établir si une autre entité W est consciente, il doit faire appel à une théorie empirique proposant un critère d’un point de vue à la troisième personne pour l’attribution de la conscience. Il n’est pas possible de prouver que la conscience est un phénomène réel, mais les éliminativistes ne peuvent pas prouver non plus que ce ne soit pas le cas. Pour le réaliste, la conscience est donnée comme un fait brut, alors que pour l’éliminativiste l’existence de la conscience est une affirmation théorique. J’adhère à une vision réaliste de la conscience, supportée par le fait qu’il me semble vraiment que j’ai des expériences phénoménales, et par l’idée que la dichotomie réalité/ apparence ne s’applique pas aux contenus phénoménaux. Il y a manifestement des corrélations entre les phénomènes physiques et mentaux, qui donnent de bonnes raisons de croire qu’il y a des relations causales entre le monde physique (y compris le corps) et les esprits (conscients). Le dualisme des substances, le dualisme des propriétés, l’épiphénoménalisme et le panpsychisme ne parviennent pas à fournir une explication convaincante de ces corrélations. Une forme de physicalisme apparaît être l’alternative la plus raisonnable, en dépit du fait que l’esprit ne semble pas, d’un point de vue subjectif, être de nature physique. (shrink)

Heidegger's affirmation is categorical: “… the thinking expressed in Being and Time is against humanism”. Heidegger's thesis is not only categorical, it is also polemical. He maintains that the humanist conception does not grasp man's essence, and it is for this reason that he is opposed to humanism, which is a doctrine that “has not thought profoundly enough of man's humanitas.

Currently, the most used method to measure brain activity under a non-invasive procedure is the electroencephalogram (EEG). This is because of its high temporal resolution, ease of use, and safety. These signals can be used under a Brain Computer Interface (BCI) framework, which can be implemented to provide a new communication channel to people that are unable to speak due to motor disabilities or other neurological diseases. Nevertheless, EEG-based BCI systems have presented challenges to be implemented in real life situations (...) for imagined speech recognition due to the difficulty to interpret EEG signals because of their low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). As consequence, in order to help the researcher make a wise decision when approaching this problem, we offer a review article that sums the main findings of the most relevant studies on this subject since 2009. This review focuses mainly on the pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification techniques used by several authors, as well as the target vocabulary. Furthermore, we propose ideas that may be useful for future work in order to achieve a practical application of EEG-based BCI systems toward imagined speech decoding. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to identify literary pictures of everyday life of lower-class Arab-Muslim women in urban contexts in adab books, relating them to the knowledge we have about them through other kinds of sources. The study has been mainly based on Ibn ‘Āṣim’s Ḥadā’iq al-azāhir, an adab work of the Nasrid period. However, in order to provide a broader scope, it has also been imperative to examine other adab books from the pre-modern era, composed in different periods (...) and places. Altogether, we contribute with a number of texts and references not yet used in studies on the subject. Their analysis results in the conclusion that the literary representations contained in their anecdotes confirm the so-far available information on lower-class women, mostly originated from historical sources, as well as from law and ḥisba treatises. The particular interest of these anecdotes lies in the fact that most of their female characters belong to the popular classes and their behaviour in everyday life is clearly depicted throughout their plots. Regarding the physical places in which these women led their lives, in adab prose we can hardly perceive any separation between male and female spaces in the cities. Relevant stories show humble women performing diverse activities outside the domestic sphere and establishing relationships with men from inside and outside their homes. (shrink)

Este artículo trata de una versión novedosa del cuento folclórico ATU 1215 desconocida hasta la fecha para la crítica que se ha ocupado del mismo. Fue transmitida por el erudito iraquí Ibn Ṭāwūs y data del s. XIII. Dicho texto presenta varios puntos de interés: se trata de una de las muestras escritas más antiguas de este cuento folclórico e introduce la novedad de Luqmān como protagonista paterno respecto a las otras dos versiones árabes conocidas de época medieval, inaugurando una (...) transmisión entre intelectuales chiíes que alcanza hasta la actualidad. A lo largo del trabajo, estudiamos las particularidades de esta versión árabe y la ponemos en relación con las demás árabes premodernas conocidas y otras que sacamos a la luz, comparándolas en ciertos aspectos con otras cristianas medievales. Además, tratamos de explicar por qué en algunos casos se ha considerado el cuento una fábula esópica. Por otro lado, prestamos atención a varias versiones orales protagonizadas por Ǧuḥā y su contribución a la difusión oral del cuento en el mundo árabe asociado a un antiguo refrán. Nuestras conclusiones insisten en la relevancia de la versión de Ibn Ṭāwūs, por los motivos mencionados. Además, concluimos que varios de los textos abordados demuestran la difusión del relato en Oriente en el s. XIII, desde donde una versión emparentada con la del escritor iraquí habría llegado a Europa y circulado en ejemplarios de autores cristianos. (shrink)

Uno y el Universo, primer libro publicado por Ernesto Sabato, obtuvo en 1945 el primer premio de prosa de la Municipalidad de Buenos Aires. Formaban el jurado Vicente Barbieri, Francisco Luis Bernárdez, Leónidas Barletta, Ricardo Molinari y Adolfo Bioy Casares. Libro inaugural, Uno y el Universo se resume en su título: en concisa brevedad, pulida y bruñida, de epigramas o cápsulas verbales, Sabato repasa, por riguroso orden alfabético, con voluntad sistemática a la que con frecuencia no es ajena la (...) ironía, todo un vasto catálogo de temas que van desde la anécdota cotidiana a lo más amplio del cosmos. Tal pesquisa es sustentada por la insobornable honestidad humana, la lucidez crítica y la hondura y amplitud de visión que, confirmadas a lo largo de toda su obra, asegurarían a Sabato un papel central en nuestra escritura contemporánea. Desde esta primera obra, de excepcional madurez, se asientan las raíces del universo de un gran escritor. (shrink)

Derrida's recent book, On Cosmopolitanism and Forgiveness, offers a succinct and elegant understanding of forgiveness as ‘impossibility’, unencumbered by any conditions or threats of instrumentalization. However it also contains a disturbing implication. The first part of this article discusses the theory at length, followed by a series of critiques in the second part that shows how his aporetic theory of forgiveness is morally dangerous, for it unwittingly rests upon erasing the memory of the transcendental shortcomings of his conception. The article (...) goes on to outline an alternative theory of forgiveness. (shrink)

Temporal ontology is the philosophical debate on the existence of the past and the future. It features a three-way confrontation between supporters of presentism (the present exists, the past and the future do not), pastism (the past and the present exist, the future does not), and eternalism (the past, the present, and the future all exist). Most philosophers engaged in this debate believe that presentism is much more in agreement with common sense than the rival views; moreover, most of them (...) believe that being in agreement with common sense is epistemically valuable for a philosophical view. We studied experimentally non-experts’ ideas pertaining to the domain of temporal ontology, i.e., as we called it, common-sense temporal ontology, focusing on the Italian population. We found that a non-overwhelming majority of participants (~64%) favoured presentism, while two significant minorities favoured pastism (~19%) and eternalism (~17%). We think that our findings provide some support, albeit weaker than expected, for the view that presentism is more in agreement with common sense than the rival positions. (shrink)